[1] Its county seat is Christiansburg,[2] and Blacksburg is the largest town.

[4] The Montgomery County Board of Supervisors sets the annual budget and tax rates, enacts legislation governing the county and its citizens, sets policies and oversees their implementation.

[6] The county is named for Richard Montgomery, an American Revolutionary War general killed in 1775 while attempting to capture Quebec City, Canada.

Montgomery County is one of the 423 counties served by the Appalachian Regional Commission,[8] and it is identified as part of "Greater Appalachia" by Colin Woodard in his book American Nations: A History of the Eleven Rival Regional Cultures of North America.

As of the 2000 United States Census,[17] there were 83,629 people, 30,997 households, and 17,203 families living in the county.

25.50% of all households were made up of individuals, and 6.60% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older.

Despite being in the Solid South, Montgomery County did not consistently back Democratic candidates in the 20th century, being consistently Republican due to Unionist sentiment in the area during the Civil War, though the presence of a major university in Virginia Tech helped make the county more competitive to the Democratic Party towards the end of that streak.

The county backed the losing candidate, by a very narrow margin of 103 votes in 2012.