In 1882, in the north-west of what would later become the village, the forestry company W.C. Edwards opened a project to exploit timber at Muskrat Lake.

In 1892, Louis Beaulieu, called Montpellier, settled here on a farm and opened a post office and general store.

[4] In 1998, the southern portion of the Lac-des-Écorces Unorganized Territory was annexed by Montpellier, adding about 136 square kilometres (53 sq mi) and more than doubling its size.

[5] Mother tongue:[3] Montpellier forms part of the federal electoral district of Argenteuil—La Petite-Nation and has been represented by Stéphane Lauzon of the Liberal Party since 2015.

Provincially, Montpellier is part of the Papineau electoral district and is represented by Mathieu Lacombe of the Coalition Avenir Québec since 2018.