Mordechai Tenenbaum (Hebrew: מרדכי טענענבוים; 1916–1943) was a member of the Jewish Combat Organization (Żydowska Organizacja Bojowa) and leader of the Białystok Ghetto Uprising.

After the outbreak of World War II, and the German occupation of Poland, he left Warsaw with his girlfriend, Tema Schneiderman, and others to areas occupied by the Soviet Union.

Finally, Tenenbaum obtained forged documents that allowed his friends to emigrate, although he remained in Vilna, to engage in activities among Jewish youth.

Even after the Nazi invasion of the Soviet Union, (including Lithuania), Tenenbaum made many forged papers for friends and loved ones, that allowed them to elude and escape the Schutzstaffel.

It was then decided, that with the start of an action by the Germans to "liquidate" the ghetto, the resistance would fight in the streets of Białystok, before attempting to escape to the forests, and continue operating as underground partisans.