Morocco–United States relations

Morocco also assisted the U.S. Central Intelligence Agency with questioning Al-Qaeda members captured in Afghanistan, Iraq, and elsewhere during the administration of President George W. Bush, who designated the country as a major non-NATO ally.

On 20 December 1777, Sultan Mohammed ben Abdallah commissioned the Dutch consul in Salé to write letters to European merchants and consuls in Tangier, Salé, Larache and Mogador stating that vessels sailing under the American flag could enter Morocco's ports, alongside those of European countries with which Morocco had no diplomatic ties, such as Russia and Prussia, under the same conditions as those enjoyed by the nations that had treaty relations.

[4] Information about the Sultan's desire for friendly relations did not reach Benjamin Franklin, the American emissary to the Kingdom of France in Paris before April 1778 at the earliest.

In the letter, Washington expresses his regrets in lack of punctuality but clarifies that the untimely response was due to change in government and the desire to communicate on solidified terms.

In 1862, Confederate diplomats Henry Myers and Tom Tate Tunstall were arrested outside the American Consulate in Tangier after making disparaging remarks about the United States and its flag.

The Treaty, ratified by Morocco, President Andrew Johnson, and nine European heads of state, granted neutrality to the lighthouse, with the condition that the ten naval powers signing the agreement assumed responsibility for its maintenance.

[14] In 1912, after Morocco became a protectorate of Spain and France because of Moroccan leadership mismanagement, American diplomats called upon the European powers to exercise colonial rule that guaranteed racial and religious tolerance.

Our victory over the Germans will, I know, inaugurate a period of peace and prosperity, during which the Moroccan and French people of North Africa will flourish and thrive in a manner that befits its glorious past.

[16] Following the end of World War II, the US military maintained several installations in Morocco because the Mediterranean had become central to the country's European defense strategy.

Subsequently, Tangier became a hub of the nationalists' global advocacy campaign due to the city's status as being outside of the control of the colonial powers, which enabled the Roosevelt Club to engage in a wide range of activities that brought their case to the attention of both domestic and foreign audiences.

Another group of American veterans who had established private businesses in the country after leaving the military gradually became central nodes in the nationalists' global network of supporters.

[17] Despite a great number of prominent US individuals engaging in the Moroccan nationalist cause, the US government did not officially support the independence struggle due to its European defense strategy, including maintaining political stability in North Africa and remaining close allies with France, which had just become a member state of NATO.

King Hassan II would later journey to Washington to meet Presidents Lyndon B. Johnson, Jimmy Carter, Ronald Reagan, George H. W. Bush, and Bill Clinton.

[22] In 1987 the Moroccan government agreed to the use of an old abandoned U.S. Strategic Air Command Base at Ben Guérir as a transoceanic abort landing site for NASA's space shuttles during emergencies.

In return, the Moroccan authorities signed a secret agreement permitting the United States to maintain powerful radio transmitters near Tangier, which served as communication and spying tools in the western Mediterranean.

The developments listed as potentially pursuable include the establishment of "social safety net programs," regulation of "working conditions," and "timely" creation of "labor market statistics.

[40][needs update] On July 19, 2021, the U.S. Department of State under the Biden Administration released Moroccan national Abdul Latif Nasser from the Guantanamo Bay detention camp into the custody of his home country.

"[41] On March 7, 2024, President Joe Biden welcomed Youssef Al-Omrani at the White House, where he presented his credentials as the Ambassador of Morocco to the United States.

Following the reception, Al-Omrani expressed his commitment to work in accordance with the directives of King Mohammed VI to deepen the historical and strategic alliance between Morocco and the United States.

"[50] Additionally, according to a Congressional Research Service (CRS) report issued in December 2008, the official position of the United States government is to support Morocco in the dispute over Western Sahara.

Help from the United States was especially important when the Polisario deployed Soviet-built SA-6 surface-to-air missiles to counter the growing effectiveness of the Royal Moroccan Air Force.

On the other hand, the Reagan Administration dropped all conditions in supporting the Moroccans, as the need for staging bases in North Africa for the Rapid Deployment Joint Task Force made access to Morocco's airfields strategically important.

[37] Beginning with the George H. W. Bush Administration, the focus of the U.S. security assistance efforts in Morocco shifted to sustaining and maintaining U.S.-origin equipment in the Moroccan Armed Forces.

[37] In the 1980s and early 1990s, Morocco secured about 1 billion dollars annually from Saudi Arabia to purchase arms and supplies from the United States to fight the POLISARIO and defend its claim to Western Sahara.

[56][57] Theoretically in Morocco's autonomy plan, the only issues which the Moroccan government would control for Western Sahara would be international relations and national and foreign security.

[58] While the current and previous two U.S. presidential administrations have not gotten deeply involved in the dispute over Western Sahara, the idea of resolving the conflict in favor of Morocco has a sizeable following in U.S. policy circles, including strong support from the U.S. House of Representatives.

Morocco's recent initiative in the United Nations Security Council, supported in the letter signed by 173 members of Congress, is intended to demonstrate our willingness to make such compromises in the interest of all the people of the Maghreb and particularly of the Sahara.

[65] In April 2009, 229 members of the U.S. House of Representatives, a clear majority and over 50 more than signed the letter in 2007, called on President Barack Obama to support Morocco's peace plan and to assist in drawing the conflict to a close.

In addition to noting that Western Sahara has become a recruiting post for Radical Islamists, the letter affirmed that the conflict is "the single greatest obstacle impending the security and cooperation necessary to combat" terrorism in the Maghreb.

The letter openly called on Secretary Clinton and the Obama Administration to provide: "…more sustained American attention to one of the region's most pressing political issues, the Western Sahara."

43rd President George W. Bush meeting with King Mohammed VI of Morocco in the White House in Washington, D.C. in April 2002
Portrait of Admiral Raphael Semmes who represented the Confederate States of America to Morocco during the American Civil War though Morocco never formally recognized the Confederate States.
Secretary of State Mike Pompeo with Moroccan Foreign Minister Nasser Bourita in September 2018
Moroccan (left) and American (right) diplomats meet in 2019
American President Donald Trump and First Lady Melania Trump accompanied by Moroccan King Mohammed VI and Crown Prince Moulay Hassan in 2018
In 2007 then-Assistant Secretary of State, David Welch (2005–2008) expressed strong support for Morocco and its autonomy plan in the conflict over Western Sahara, calling the plan a "serious and credible" solution. [ 60 ]
Consul General of Morocco in New York Abdelkader Jamoussi at the Moroccan Cultural Day Festival in Union City, New Jersey