Morteza Motahhari (Persian: مرتضی مطهری, also Romanized as "Mortezā Motahharī"; 31 January 1919[3] – 1 May 1979) was an Iranian Twelver Shia scholar, philosopher, lecturer.

[4] He was a co-founder of Hosseiniye Ershad and the Combatant Clergy Association (Jāme'e-ye Rowhāniyat-e Mobārez).

[8] His father Shaykh Mohammad Hosseini was also an eminent figure in his village, Fariman, who was respected by the people.

But his studies remained unfinished in Mashhad seminary because of problems faced by his family which obliged him to return to Fariman to help them.

He considered Agha Mirza Mahdi Shahid Razavi as an eminent master in rational sciences.

He studied the books Kifayah and Makaseb in Shia jurisprudence under the instruction of Ayatollah Sayyed Mohaqeq Yazdi popularly known as Damad.

There he became familiar with Haj Ali Agha Shirazi who was the teacher of Nahj al-Balagha in 1320 (Solar Hijri calendar) whom Motahhari always described with honor.

[14] It was by Motahari's advice that Larijani switched from computer science to Western Philosophy for graduate studies.

During the struggle with Shah's regime, Morteza Motahhari contributed in creating new Islamic discourses.

Also his works had an important impact on expanding the movement of religious reform in early days of revolution.

Writing the "need for Candidness in religious leadership", he aimed to show the youth the attractiveness of Islam.

[17][18] Morteza Motahhari expressed his opinions in different majors and disciplines such as philosophy, religion, economic, politics, etc.

His lengthy footnote on the "book of principles of philosophy and method of realism" by Muhammad Husayn Tabataba'i was against the historical Marxism.

[19] As outlined by Ayatollah Morteza Motahhari in 1975, the phrase 'equal rights' means something different from what is commonly understood by Western world.

[24][page needed] In 1966-1967, amidst the growing debate over the Shah's Family Protection Law, he published a series of essays in Zan-e Rooz (Today’s Woman) on subjects such as divorce, inheritance rights, alimony, polygamy, and differences between genders.

The "return to shari'a" by Motahhari was a mixed discourse that borrowed from Western ideas whenever they were suitable to his objectives.

For example, he condemned those who opposed women's higher education, emphasizing that trained female doctors and surgeons were necessary for the gender-segregated social structure he sought.

He thought that fiqh along with the character of ijtihad could be an important thing for confronting with the problem of different times and places.

Contrary to John Austin (legal philosopher), Motahhari believes that there is a mutual relation between right and responsibility (Haq va Taklif).

According to him maktab is a thoughtful disciplined system including ideology and View in terms of ethics, politics, economy and civil law, etc.

[28] Dariush Shayegan believes that Motahhari confused the Hegelian thought and Stace's quotations in confronting with Hegel.

[30] On 1 May 1979, Morteza Motahhari was gunned down in Tehran after leaving a late meeting at the house of Yadollah Sahabi.

Identifying, collecting, organizing, introducing and preserving the works of the master is one of the main goals of becoming a museum of this historical house.

Providing a suitable space and environment for researchers who intend to study the works of Master Motahhari has also been one of the reasons for reading the second floor of this house.

Holding seminars and meetings on the subject of the master's works is one of the most important group programs of this museum house, which is held several times during the year.

[37] He "authored over fifty books, which dealt with theology and philosophy as well as practical issues such as sexual ethics, usury, and insurance",[39] some of which include: