On October 28, 1917, by the direction of People's Commissars, was issued a decree On the workers as the new Soviet police.

In 1946, a law was passed that transformed the Council of People's Commissars into the Council of Ministers, coinciding with the reorganization of the People's Committee of Internal Affairs into the Ministry of Interior, respectively, the city committee of the NKVD was reorganized into the Office of Internal Affairs.

The First Operational Regiment (mounted police) (Russian: Первый оперативный полк (конная полиция)) is responsible for patrolling parks, preventing crime and maintaining order at public events (invasion, and other major music and sporting events).

Two operational regiment of militia police in Moscow (Russian: 2-й оперативный полк полиция ГУВД по г. Москве) - formed in 2004 merging the three regiments of militsiya (now police) operating in Moscow, responsible for patrol services.

In 1782 the Bureau of Criminal Affairs (Палата уголовных дел) was established and it was the Moscow department of the Russian gendarmerie.

Main Purposes: On October 23, 1987 on the basis of the 2nd Regiment patrol by the order of USSR Interior Ministry was created a special police squad assignment - OMON.

The main tasks - providing security for the various events, saving lives during emergencies and disasters and epidemiological aggravations, etc.

There is a separate position of Chief of Police, the holder of which serves as the Deputy to the Head of Internal Affairs.

The current Commissioner is Oleg Baranov, who was appointed by Mayor Sergey Sobyanin and took office on 23 September 2016.