When Vermont was an independent republic, he was its first chief justice and served a one-year term as governor.

Moses Robinson soon became an important citizen of Bennington in his own right, serving as town clerk from 1762 to 1781.

[2] In 1782 he was sent to the Continental Congress as a state agent to attempt to solve the ongoing governance dispute with New York.

He was the Democratic-Republican nominee in the 1797[4] and 1798[5] gubernatorial elections, losing both times to Federalist Isaac Tichenor.

After his retirement from the Senate, Robinson moved back to Bennington and resumed farming and land speculation.