Moses Tanui (born 20 August 1965 in Sugoi, Nandi District, Kenya) is a former Kenyan long-distance runner who won the gold medal over 10,000 metres at the 1991 World Championships in Athletics in Tokyo.

Tanui won the IAAF World Half Marathon Championships in 1995 and silver in the 1997 competition.

At the Chicago Marathon in 1999, Tanui helped spur Khalid Khannouchi to a new world record, eventually finishing 2nd in 2:06:16, which was a Kenyan national record and the third fastest marathon in history at that point.

He was involved in a serious car accident near Nakuru in February 2010 suffering major injuries to his leg and chest.

David Lelei, another former runner, was driving Tanui's car and died in the accident.