The Movimiento Nacional (English: National Movement) was a governing institution of Spain established by General Francisco Franco during the Spanish Civil War in 1937.
People who strongly identified with the Movimiento Nacional were colloquially known as Falangistas or Azules ("Blues"), from the colour of the shirts worn by the Falange Militia, José Antonio Primo de Rivera's fascist organization created during the Second Spanish Republic.
The ideology of the Movimiento Nacional was summed up by the slogan ¡Una, Grande y Libre!, which stood for the indivisibility of the Spanish state and the refusal of any regionalism or decentralization, its imperial character, both past (the defunct Spanish Empire in the Americas) and foreseen (in Africa), and its independence towards the purported "Judeo-Masonic-Marxist international conspiracy" (a personal obsession of Franco), materialized by the Soviet Union, the European democracies, the United States (until the Pact of Madrid of 1953), or the "exterior enemy" which could threaten the nation at any time; as well as towards the long list of "internal enemies", like "anti-Spanish", "reds", "separatists", "liberals", "Jews" and "Freemasons", among others, coining expressions like "judeomarxistas".
Since one-party rule was enforced in Francoist Spain, the only practical expression of pluralism consisted in the mixture of internal "families" (Familias del Regimen) competing together inside the National Movement.
These roughly included four "families" with a genealogy tracing back to the right-wing political groups in the interwar period: the Falangists (or azules, originally from the Fascist FE de las JONS), with a preeminence over FET y de las JONS, the Spanish Syndical Organization (OSE), and the "social" government areas; the Carlists (issued from Traditionalist Communion), who held a tight control over the Ministry of Justice; the monarchist Alfonsines (issued from Renovación Española and Acción Española), well connected to the economic elites and the military command; and the National Catholics, "Catholics" in the sense of closely linked to politically Catholicist entities serving the Church's interests (issued from CEDA), embodied by the Asociación Católica de Propagandistas (ACNP).