Municipal corporation

[6] The title "corporation" was used in boroughs from soon after the Norman conquest until the Local Government Act 2001.

[7] After the Partition of Ireland, the corporations in the Irish Free State were Dublin, Cork, Limerick and Waterford (county boroughs) and Drogheda, Kilkenny, Sligo, Clonmel, and Wexford (non-county boroughs).

The Local Government Act 1888 aligned the powers of the remaining borough corporations with those of the new urban district councils.

Civil townships or towns are used as subdivisions of a county in 20 states, mostly in the Northeast and Midwest.

Population centers may be organized into incorporated municipalities of several types, including the city, town, borough, and village.

Such special purpose districts may encompass areas in multiple municipalities or counties.

This data shows a decline from 89,476 units since the last census of local governments performed in 2007.

[1] Some such corporations rely on revenue from user fees, distinguishing them from agencies and special districts funded through taxation,[2] although this is not always the case.

[1] Such municipal corporations result from a process of "externalization", and require different skills and orientations from the respective local governments, and follow common changes[clarification needed] in the institutional landscape of public services.

[3] They are argued to be more efficient than government bureaucracies, but have higher failure rates because of their legal and managerial autonomy.