The Maison Carrée soon became too small and an architectural competition was organised in 1902 for a new building.
It was later enriched by legacies such as those of Robert Gower in 1869 and of Charles Tur in 1948 and gifts by professional and amateur artists.
In a lower 3-room gallery are Italian paintings by Jacopo Bassano (1515–1592), Lelio Orsi (1511–1587) and Andrea della Robbia (1435–1525) among others.
In the seven rooms of the upper gallery are Flemish and Dutch paintings of the 16th and 17th centuries (Rubens, Carel Fabritius, Pieter Coecke van Aelst (1502–1550), Leonaert Bramer) and French paintings by Renaud Levieux, Jean-François de Troy, Pierre Subleyras and Paul Delaroche's Oliver Cromwell with the corpse of Charles I.
They also house paintings by the Nîmes-born artists Charles-Joseph Natoire and Xavier Sigalon.