6500 items of Prehistoric, Ancient Greek, Byzantine and post-Byzantine art, spanning almost six millennia of history (from the Neolithic era to the 19th century).

[3] Archaeological excavations conducted prior to the construction of the New Wing brought to light remains of a Late Byzantine house and part of the medieval fortification of Athens (the so-called Rizokastro), which was built in the 13th century.

They include Neolithic and Bronze Age figurines and vessels, Classical vases, a wide array of metal artifacts (vases, weapons, statuettes, weights, ritual equipment), marble sculpture, jewelry of all periods (gold, silver, bronze, glass), coins, Fayum-style portraits, textiles, manuscripts, early printed editions, and more than 350 icons dating from the 14th to the 19th century.

[5] Among them, particularly notable is the large group of black-figure and red-figure vases, which depict mythological scenes, rituals and everyday activities of the Archaic and Classical periods.

Also important is the large assemblage of Attic white-ground lekythoi, which depict funerary scenes imitating the style of Classical large-scale painting.