Music and artificial intelligence
[2] Artificial intelligence also drives interactive composition technology, wherein a computer composes music in response to a live performance.
Current research includes the application of AI in music composition, performance, theory and digital sound processing.
Père Engramelle's schematic of a "piano roll", a mode of automatically recording note timing and duration in a way which could be easily transcribed to proper musical notation by hand, was first implemented by German engineers J.F.
In 2002, the music research team at the Sony Computer Science Laboratory Paris, led by French composer and scientist François Pachet, designed the Continuator, an algorithm uniquely capable of resuming a composition after a live musician stopped.
With progress in generative AI, models capable of creating complete musical compositions (including lyrics) from a simple text description have begun to emerge.
[19] The website was used to create over 1 million pieces of music, and brands that used it included Coca-Cola, Google, UKTV, and the Natural History Museum, London.
This optimization approach allows for the integration of a pattern detection technique in order to enforce long term structure and recurring themes in the generated music.
[39][40] Riffusion is a neural network, designed by Seth Forsgren and Hayk Martiros, that generates music using images of sound rather than audio.
[49][50] Artificial intelligence has the opportunity to impact how producers create music by giving reiterations of a track that follow a prompt given by the creator.
[51] Artificial intelligence has had major impacts in the composition sector as it has influenced the ideas of composers/producers and has the potential to make the industry more accessible to newcomers.
Artists use these software to help generate ideas and bring out musical styles by prompting the AI to follow specific requirements that fit their needs.
[52] In the United States, the current legal framework tends to apply traditional copyright laws to AI, despite its differences with the human creative process.
"[55] The situation in the European Union (EU) is similar to the US, because its legal framework also emphasizes the role of human involvement in a copyright-protected work.
[56] According to the European Union Intellectual Property Office and the recent jurisprudence of the Court of Justice of the European Union, the originality criterion requires the work to be the author's own intellectual creation, reflecting the personality of the author evidenced by the creative choices made during its production, requires distinct level of human involvement.
As AI cannot hold authorship of its own, current speculation suggests that there will be no clear answer until further rulings are made regarding machine learning technologies as a whole.
[60] Most recent preventative measures have started to be developed by Google and Universal Music group who have taken into royalties and credit attribution to allow producers to replicated the voices and styles of artists.
[63] It went viral and gained traction on TikTok and received a positive response from the audience, leading to its official release on Apple Music, Spotify, and YouTube in April 2023.
[64] Many believed the track was fully composed by an AI software, but the producer claimed the songwriting, production, and original vocals (pre-conversion) were still done by him.
[64] The song was a watershed moment for AI voice cloning, and models have since been created for hundreds, if not thousands, of popular singers and rappers.
