Myosaurus

[1] These skulls can be classified as Myosaurus because this species, unlike other dicynodonts, do not possess tusks or postfrontal teeth.

The Myosaurus was first discovered in the Harrismith Commonage locality, a site found in the Lystrosaurus zone.

This was in part due to the wide interorbital width that exists in both Myosauridae and Endothiodontidae skulls.

[4] Broad parietals are situated in the lateral plane, but they take up a short region at the posterior end of the skull roof and only reach around to create the dorsal surface of the lower temporal bar.

[1] The large premaxillary portion of the jaw is joined with small ventral exposures to create a secondary palate.

The pterygoid then splits to outline the choanae before eventually widening toward the anterior part of the palate.

[1] The occiput portion of the Myosaurus skull contains a small, slit-like hole, and it has been hypothesized by researchers to be a nutrient channel.

Because tusks are not a feature of the skull, there is no structure taking up room and crowding the maxillary area.

Their keratinous upper beak, although present, is greatly reduced in size and does not protrude as far as its dicynodont relatives.

The Myosaurus is most closely related to the Cistecephalus and Kawingasaurus taxa, which are both members of the Cistecephalidae family.

[8][9] Most of this evidence derives from Antarctica where there may have been large environmental fluctuations during the Triassic period, a possible repercussion of the Permian-Triassic extinction event.

[8] There are so few fossils from the Myosaurus to justify any evidence of feeding mechanisms unique to this taxonomic group.

[1] Consequently, the dicynodont jaws were highly advanced for the purpose of feeding to break down the fibrous structure of plants.

This is because the large surface area of the beak would have provided a sharp tool for the taxa to cut plants on.

The elongated articular paired with the short quadrate allowed the Myosaurus to take an orthal (vertical) bite.

In South Africa, only a about 10 skull fragments were found in the Karoo Basin of the Lystrosaurus zone at the Harrismith Commonage locality.

[11] However, the most fossils of the Myosaurus have been found in Antarctica in the Fremouw Formation of the Cumulus Hills in the Queen Maud Mountains.

This stone is formed in layers and dates back to the Early to Late Triassic periods.

Dicynodont Skull
Image of the Queen Maud Mountains in Antarctica