[3] Bookspan began as a joint endeavor by Bertelsmann and Time Warner.

[2] Bertelsmann took over control in 2007, and a year later, sold its interest to Najafi Companies, an Arizona investment firm.

[2] Najafi held its ownership in a subsidiary named Direct Brands, which also held Najafi's ownership in the Columbia House record club.

[3] In 2013, Najafi sold its interest in Direct Brands to Pride Tree Holdings,[2][4] a New York–based media and consumer technology holding company founded in 2012 and incorporated in Delaware.

[5][6] This article about an online company of the United States is a stub.