The ranch house dates to about 1873, and one log cabin is dated to 1894.. Across the access road are a series of log and frame ranch buildings, including barns, a bunkhouse, a workshop, several sheds and two privies.

Boswell, originally from New Hampshire, was established in Cheyenne by 1867, and in 1868 he is described as working in law enforcement in an "unofficial capacity."

His activities on a vigilance committee led to more formal employment, and he became Albany County Sheriff in 1869.

Bowell also acted as a private detective, and in 1873 was the first warden of the Wyoming Territorial Penitentiary.

Bowell Ranch was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on July 21, 1977.