Nadvirna (Ukrainian: Надвірна, IPA: [nɐdˈwirnɐ] ⓘ; Polish: Nadwórna; Yiddish: נאַדוואָרנאַ, romanized: Nadvorna) is a city located in Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast in western Ukraine.
The town is located in a slightly hilly, verdant area twenty miles (32 km) northeast of the Carpathian Mountains.
Major exports and raw materials from the town include salt, oil and petroleum products, and timber.
The Pniv (Polish: Pniów) Castle was probably built in the second half of the 16th century by the Stolnik of Halych (Halicz), Paweł Kuropatwa, as a residence of his family.
The town itself is first mentioned in chronicles dating back to 1589, in an act describing an attack on the inhabitants by Tatars.
In the late 18th century, Count Ignacy Cetner founded here a tobacco field, excavated local salt deposits, and invited German settlers.
In the winter of 1914/1915, the brigade faced here the Imperial Russian Army, which planned to cross the Carpathian Mountains, and enter Hungary.
In June 1941, some 80 inmates of the local NKVD prison were murdered along the Bystrytsya river, their bodies were unearthed and properly buried in July 1941.
During the war, almost all of the 4500 Jewish residents of Nadvirna, men, women, and children, were murdered by Germans and by Ukrainian townspeople and police.
[3] In 1945, Polish residents of the town were forced to leave the area and the handful of survivors of the Jewish population did not return.
By the end of 1942 all but a very few of the Nadvirna Jews had been murdered in the Holocaust, some in ghettos created in the city, but many killed in the Belzec concentration camp.
There is a memorial to the victims of the Holocaust from Nadvirna in the Baron Hirsch Cemetery Staten Island, New York where the Nadworna landsmanshaft has a section.
[5] The emblematic blue box of the Jewish National Fund was invented by a bank clerk from Nadvirna named Haim Kleinman.
Note that records less than 100 years old stored in Poland — which in this case means either AGAD or the Warsaw USC office — are not open to the public due to strict Polish privacy laws.