Nagashima (長島町, Nagashima-chō) is a town located in Izumi District, Kagoshima Prefecture, Japan.

Kagoshima Nagashima has a humid subtropical climate (Köppen Cfa) characterized by warm summers and cool winters with light to no snowfall.

In 778, a ship carrying Japanese envoys to the Tang Dynasty was washed ashore, and the place name Karakuma is still known from this event.

The villages of Higashinagashima and Nishinagashima were established with the creation of the modern municipalities system on April 1, 1889.

Nagashima has a mayor-council form of government with a directly elected mayor and a unicameral town council of 14 members.

In terms of national politics, the town is part of the Kagoshima 3rd district of the lower house of the Diet of Japan.