In the medieval era, the town of Nagaur sat astride trade routes coming north from Gujarat and Sindh and those on the west crossing the Indus from Multan with a dead flat plain all around.

A succession of rulers kept the whole of Jangladesh free from foreign rule down to the reign of Prithviraj Chauhan at the close of the 12th century.

One of the earliest Sufis to come to Nagaur was Sultan Tarkin, whose shrine was established during Hindu rule.

After Khwaja Moinuddin established the Chishti Sufi order at Ajmer one of his disciples, named Hamiduddin, came to Nagaur.

In 1391, during the reign of Násir-ud-dín Muhammad Tughlak, Jalal Khan Khokhar was assigned governor of Nagaur.

[2][3] Between 1405-07, Shams Khan, brother of Muzaffar Shah I founded the Nagaur principality [4][5] Following the defeat of combined armies of Shams Khan and the Gujarat Sultanate at the hands of the powerful Rajput ruler Rana Kumbha in 1455, the town and nearby areas subsequently fell under the dominion of the Sisodiya Rajput rulers of Mewar.

[6] During the Mughal reign in the 17th century, Amar Singh Rathore (30 December 1613 – 25 July 1644) was made the emperor's representative (subedar) of Nagaur.

Gaji Khan Khokhar (Chawata Kallan) and Kan Singh (Dotalai) volunteered and took responsibility to kill Jai Appa Scindia.

Even after killing of Jai Appa Sindhia, Maratha army continued fighting for few more months near Nagaur but they eventually retreated.

The district's climate is marked by extreme dryness, large variations of temperature & highly irregular rainfall patterns.

There are ten climatological stations within the district, being within the cities of Nagaur, Khinvsar, Didwana, Merta, Parbatsar, Makarana, Nawa, Jayal, Degana & Ladnun.

Nagaur is situated amidst seven districts namely Bikaner, Churu, Sikar, Jaipur, Ajmer, Pali, Jodhpur.

The other common species found in the district are babul, Neem, Shisham, Peepal, Rohira, Kalsi, dhangood, akara etc.