Nahum Gergel (April 4, 1887 – November 18, 1931) was a Jewish rights activist, humanitarian, sociologist, and author in Yiddish.

In 1914, he graduated from Kiev University and moved to St. Petersburg where he became active politically, as a Jewish rights activist and as a humanitarian.

In January 1915 Gergel joined the EKOPO (Jewish Committee for the Aid of War Victims), and in September 1915 he was elected its chairman.

During World War I Gergel formed a group of activists that fought against accusations of Jews being German spies.

He organized resettlement to Poltava for thousands of Jewish families that were deported by the Russian Government from the near-front Kurland and Kovno regions.

In his youth Gergel participated in The Bund, later he joined the Zionist Socialist Workers Party (ZSWP) and was elected to its Central Committee.

After the February 1917 Revolution in Russia, Gergel was elected a ZSWP’s representative in the Petrograd Soviet of the Workers’ and Soldiers’ Deputies.

After the Hetman Skoropadskyi’s coup in April 1918, Gergel became effectively the head of the Jewish Ministry of Ukraine.

At this time Gergel worked in Mizrakh-Yiddish Historische Archiv where he stored all materials on anti-Jewish pogroms he had collected.