Namysłów (pronounced NAMI-swoof [naˈmɨswuf] ⓘ, German: Namslau; Silesian: Namysłow) is a historic town in southern Poland, within Opole Voivodeship.

According to German linguist Heinrich Adamy the town's name is derived from the Polish name namysł, which means "thinking".

[3] In medieval manuscripts and documents such as the Liber fundationis episcopatus Vratislaviensis it appeared under the Latinized name Namislavia.

The Treaty of Namysłów, in which Casimir renounced his claims to Silesia to King Charles IV of Bohemia, was signed in the town in 1348.

Namysłów was briefly an independent city during the 14th century and was enriched by the trade route from Wrocław to Kraków, especially with linen.

During World War II, Nazi Germany erected a subcamp of Gross-Rosen concentration camp near the town.

During the war, the town was the local center of the Polish underground resistance movement and the Home Army operated there.

In 1965 a monument of Jan Skala, Sorbian poet and activist for the rights of non-German minorities in interwar Germany, killed nearby by a Soviet soldier during the war, was unveiled in Namysłów.

With the town's transfer to Poland in 1945, its arms were changed to depict the top half of a Silesian eagle above a red star on a yellow field.