Nanoconcrete

[2] It is also a product of high-energy mixing (HEM) of conventional cement, sand and water which is a bottom-up approach of nano technology.

In the HEM process, the intense mixing of cement and water with or without sand in conditions of queasy laminar flow, Reynolds number 20-800 provides dissipation and absorption of energy by the mixture and increases shear stresses on the surface of cement particles.

The nano-sized colloid Calcium Silicate Hydrate (C-S-H) formation increased several times compared with conventional mixing.

The initial natural process of cement hydration with formation of colloidal globules about 5 nm in diameter[5] spreads into the entire volume of cement–water matrix as the energy expended upon the mix.

[6] The liquid activated mixture can be used by itself for casting small architectural details and decorative items, or expanded with gas-forming admixture for making Aerated HEM Nanoconcrete [7] as a lightweight concrete.