The campaign resulted in the death of thousands of indigenous people, the displacement of many more, and the social and cultural destruction of numerous ethnic groups from the provinces of Chaco and Formosa.

In retaliation for this, groups of indigenous people started killing animals and damaging the crops of the European settlers.

After this incident, Fernando Centeno, the Governor of Chaco, prepared a ferocious and brutal repression of the indigenous people.

Early in the morning of 19 July 1924, a group of 130 men (police, ranchers and white citizens), armed with Winchester and Mauser rifles, attacked the indigenous people who had only spears to defend themselves.

[3][4][5] At the end of the 1920s the journal Heraldo del Norte stated that: On 29 August, 40 days after the massacre, the former director of the Napalpí compound, Enrique Lynch Arribálzaga wrote a letter that was read in the National Congress: In the book Memorias del Gran Chaco, by historian Mercedes Silva, an account by a mocoví, Pedro Maidana, stated that "they killed in a savage manner, they cut off the testicles and an ear to exhibit as trophies of the battle".

In the book Napalpí, la herida abierta (Napalpí, the open wound) the journalist Mario Vidal wrote: A recent documentary by "la Red de Comunicación Indígena" (the network of Indigenous Communication) stated: In the same transmission the chief Toba, Esteban Moreno, told the story that had been passed down the generations: In 2019, a federal court of Argentina declared the Napalpí massacre a crime against humanity and because of this it was excluded from the statute of limitations.