[5] The Società per le Strade Ferrate Meridionali ("Company for the Southern Railways") obtained a concession for the construction and operation of a railway that linked the Adriatic to the Tyrrhenian Sea, connecting Foggia to Naples, under the "Bastogi" law of 1862 that enabled the foundation of the company (law no.

However the Società Meridionali preferred to resume that project rather than build a new line that started from Naples and crossed the Valle Caudina.

[6] On the night of 29–30 September 1889 the line was the site of the Pianerottolo d'Ariano accident which caused two deaths and seven serious injuries due to a head-on collision between two trains inside the Ariano tunnel.

Test runs began in September 1927, with trains pulled by FS Class E.626 electric locomotives.

[12] In addition, a deviation was opened that connects Bovino with Foggia without passing through Cervaro station, which is now only used as a crossing loop.

Railway traffic on the section between Caserta and Cervaro is regulated by an operations centre manager (Dirigente Centrale Operativo) based in Napoli Centrale, while between Cervaro and Foggia, operations are entrusted to local station masters.

Regional traffic between Caserta and Benevento is modest and was initially operated by Aln 663 and 668 railcars, and by low-floor carriages hauled by E.464 locomotives, with the addition of the Minuetto diesel multiple units in 2004.