Napoleon and Pius VII at Fontainebleau is an 1836 history painting by the Scottish artist David Wilkie.

[2] It depicts Napoleon, the emperor of France, meeting with Pope Pius VII at Fontainebleau Palace.

Wilkie was inspired by a passage in Walter Scott's 1827 biography The Life of Napoleon Buonaparte.

He originally conceived the painting as showing the two arguing over the French emperor's desire to divorce his wife Josephine in order to allow him to make a dynastic marriage with Marie Louise, the daughter of Emperor Francis I of Austria.

He wanted his painting to show the contrasting world views of Napoleon and Pius, particularly the latter's moral dilemma in dealing with the perceived evil of the domineering French emperor.