Narrow-gauge railways in South America

The Old Patagonian Express (La Trochita) is a 402 km-long 750 mm (2 ft 5+1⁄2 in) narrow-gauge railway in the Andean foothills of Patagonia, now running as two portions of its original length, and only as a tourist attraction.

The Rainforest Ecological Train is a 600 mm environmentally-friendly train that runs through the forest inside Iguazú National Park in the north of the province of Misiones of Argentina There is also a coal railway Ramal Ferro Industrial Río Turbio, that however is no longer in operation.

Other small narrow-gauge lines include the Rio de Janeiro streetcar (Bonde de Santa Teresa), with approximately 13 km of 1,100 mm (3 ft 7+5⁄16 in) gauge, and a very short industrial railway near Bertioga built to 800 mm (2 ft 7+1⁄2 in) gauge.

A number of industrial (a 2 ft (610 mm) gauge Portland Cement line near São Paulo, for example) and agricultural (rubber plantations, sugar plantations, logging) railways also existed in Brazil in a number of narrow gauges, but few of those survive today.

The Ferrocarril de Antofagasta a Bolivia was originally built to 2 ft 6 in (762 mm) gauge, as were a number of mining and nitrate railways.

In the first phase of this plan, the Ecuadorian government will invest over US $283 million to completely repair the country's existing railway system and infrastructure, such as bridges, walls and stations.

PeruRail operate the narrow-gauge railway train Cusco - Machu Picchu line, the last station Aguas Calientes.

The other train operating on the line is the luxury "Hiram Bingham" run by a WagonLit Inc of Europe (part of Orient Express company) and is incredibly expensive.