Despite international calls for restraint, the Israel Defense Forces (IDF) ordered the evacuation of displaced people inside the hospital on 13 February 2024.

[12] The girl was a 13-year-old amputee, Donia Abu Mohsen, who had survived a previous Israeli airstrike that had killed her entire family.

"[18] According to the IDF's chief spokesperson Rear Admiral Daniel Hagari, the determination to raid the facility was based on interrogations of militants who had been arrested or surrendered in the area, and freed hostages.

[24] On 26 January 2024, the Health Ministry stated Nasser hospital was out of food, anesthetics, and painkillers due to an Israeli siege, stating, "There are 150 health personnel, 350 patients, and hundreds of displaced families in the Nasser Medical Complex in catastrophic conditions of starvation, targeting, and lack of treatment".

[9] An incident recorded and circulated online showed a doctor risking her life to save a young man wounded by Israeli snipers at the hospital gate.

[19] According to a surgeon in the facility at least eight people who were attempting to evacuate that day came under gunfire, and among those injured was a 16-year-old boy who was shot at least four times at the hospitals gate.

[53] Doctors Without Borders stated the evacuation gave displaced people the choice between staying to "become a potential target" or fleeing "into an apocalyptic landscape".

[57] The soldiers entered from the south; according to a spokesman for the Gaza Health Ministry they destroyed tents and bulldozed a mass grave.

[62] Israeli forces raided the maternity ward and destroyed two ambulances; one Doctors Without Borders staff member went missing, and Al Jazeera reported civilians were attacked both inside the hospital and outside as they tried to flee.

[66] According to Al Jazeera English, witnesses reported that "the Israeli military rounded up people from inside the facility, blindfolded them with their hands tied behind their backs, and killed them either by the use of quadcopters or sniper fire.

[68] Doctors Without Borders called for an immediate end to the raid, stating the military had created "a chaotic situation, with an undetermined number of people killed and injured".

[70][c] Later on, the IDF Spokesperson's Unit stated that it found weapons, including grenades, boxes of medications bearing the names of Israeli hostages,[72] vehicles used by Hamas members who participated in the 7 October attacks and Israeli-owned cars stolen during the massacre.

[82] Following the raid, medical personnel, patients, and displaced people were detained in the hospital's maternity ward, where they underwent "interrogation in harsh and inhumane conditions".

[83] A World Health Organization (WHO) convoy was prevented from reaching the hospital with basic supplies, including food and water, on 16 February.

[88] On 18 February, the World Health Organization assisted with evacuating 14 patients, with two that needed continuous manual ventilation, after being denied entry into the hospital for two days.

[93] On 20 February, Doctors Without Borders reported they had lost contact with their medical team at Nasser and called for the hospital's remaining 130 patients to be evacuated.

[96] On 21 February, doctors at Nasser described the situation there as "unbearable", lacking oxygen, water, or medical supplies, as raw sewage flooded the radiology department.

[98] On 22 February, medics at the hospital stated they had buried a total of thirteen patients who had died due to a lack of oxygen.

The IDF also stated that it had provided the hospital an alternative generator, food for infants, water and diesel fuel after the attack.

[18] The IDF's claims were contradicted by World Health Organization secretary-general Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus who stated, "The hospital is still experiencing an acute shortage of food, basic medical supplies, and oxygen.

[27] CNN reported that doctors were forced to strip down to their underwear and cited an eyewitnesses stating, "If you don't bring food and water, we will die".

[103] On 12 March 2024, the BBC released a report in which medical staff at the hospital claimed to have been "humiliated, beaten, doused with cold water, and forced to kneel in uncomfortable positions for hours" by the IDF.

The report also contained footage of Israeli troops detaining several men who had been forced to strip to their underwear out of medical robes and kneel outside the hospital.

[104] In late April 2024, following the withdrawal of Israeli forces earlier in the month, Gazan civil defence workers exhumed nearly 300 bodies from the mass grave in the compound.

[105] Al Jazeera English reported, "The bodies include elderly women, children and young men".

[112] James Smith, a British doctor who previously worked in Gaza, stated, "It's complete neglect of the rules that guide conduct during armed conflict.