Natalya Shikolenko (Belarusian: Натальля Шыкаленка; born August 1, 1964, in Andizhan, Soviet Union) is a javelin thrower who represented the Soviet Union and later Belarus.

She won an Olympic silver medal and a World Championship gold.

Her sister Tatyana Shikolenko is also a successful javelin thrower, first representing Belarus but switching to Russia in 1996.

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