Kelley was a member of the silver-medal-winning U.S. team at the 2006 World Championships, along with Chellsie Memmel, Alicia Sacramone, Jana Bieger, Nastia Liukin, and Ashley Priess.

She went on to represent the United States at the Pan American Games, where she won gold medals on the vault, on the balance beam, and in the team competition, as well as a bronze in the all-around.

In 2007, Kelley was selected to compete at the American Cup, where she fell from the uneven bars but earned the highest balance beam score of the competition, ultimately finishing second behind U.S. teammate Shawn Johnson.

In 2010, despite suffering an anterior cruciate ligament injury in preseason training, she finished second with her team at the NCAA Women's Gymnastics Championships and was named Big 12 Newcomer of the Year.

In 2011, she shared the Big 12 balance beam title with teammate Megan Ferguson and went on to earn first team All-America honors on that event at the NCAA Championship, where Oklahoma placed third.