[3] Its most visible manifestation was the hegemony that the Catholic Church had in all aspects of public and private life.
In France, a similar model of National Catholicism was advanced by the Fédération Nationale Catholique formed by General Édouard Castelnau.
While there was no explicit exclusion of women from higher learning, their presence at the university level was discouraged and not recognized during the two first decades of the regime.
[7]In the 1930s and 1940s, Ante Pavelić's Croatian Ustaše movement espoused a similar ideology,[8] although it has been called other names, including "political Catholicism" and "Catholic Croatism".
[9] Other countries in central and eastern Europe where similar movements of Francoist inspiration combined Catholicism with nationalism include Austria, Poland, Lithuania and Slovakia.