The unicameral assembly consists of at least 200 members according to the South Korean constitution.

Under applicable laws, the remaining seventy-five representatives were elected from party lists.

By law, candidates for election to the assembly must be at least thirty years of age.

As part of a political compromise in 1987, an earlier requirement that candidates have at least five years' continuous residency in the country was dropped to allow Kim Dae-jung, who had spent several years in exile in Japan and the United States during the 1980s, to return to political life.

The building has 24 columns, which means the legislature's promise to listen to people 24/7 throughout the year.

Parties that hold at least 20 seats in the assembly form floor negotiation groups (Korean: 교섭단체, Hanja: 交涉團體, RR: gyoseop danche), which are entitled to a variety of rights that are denied to smaller parties.

These include a greater amount of state funding and participation in the leaders' summits that determine the assembly's legislative agenda.

The legislators returned to the MDP after the collapse of the ULD-MDP coalition in September 2001.

[9] For a legislator to introduce a bill, they must submit the proposal to the Speaker, accompanied by the signatures of at least ten other assembly members.

A committee must then review the bill to verify that it employs precise and orderly language.

[10] There are 17 standing committees which examine bills and petitions falling under their respective jurisdictions, and perform other duties as prescribed by relevant laws.

With electoral reform taken in 2019, the PR seats apportionment method was replaced by a variation of additional member system from the previous parallel voting system.

However, 17 seats were temporarily assigned under parallel voting in the 2020 South Korean legislative election.

[12] Per Article 189 of Public Official Election Act,[13][14] the PR seats are awarded to parties that have either obtained at least 3% of the total valid votes in the legislative election or at least five constituency seats.

The number of seats allocated to each eligible party is decided by the formula:

{\displaystyle n_{\text{initial}}=\left\lfloor {\frac {(n_{\text{Assembly}}-n_{\text{ineligibles}})\times {\text{PR votes ratio}}-n_{\text{obtained constituencies}}+1}{2}}\right\rfloor }

{\displaystyle n_{\text{remainder}}=\left(n_{\text{ams}}-\sum n_{\text{initial}}\right)\times {\text{PR votes ratio}}}

The voting age was also lowered from 19 to 18 years old, expanding the electorate by over half a million voters.

[15] From 2004 to 2009, the assembly gained notoriety as a frequent site for legislative violence.

[16] The Assembly first came to the world's attention during a violent dispute on impeachment proceedings for then President Roh Moo-hyun,[17][18] when open physical combat took place in the assembly.

Since then, it has been interrupted by periodic conflagrations, piquing the world's curiosity once again in 2009 when members battled each other with sledgehammers and fire extinguishers.

[19][20][21] Progressive – Liberal – Independent politician – Conservative Elections for the assembly were held under UN supervision[22] on 10 May 1948.

Conservative Liberal Progressive majority plurality only largest minority Since the reopening of the National Assembly in 1963 until today, it has been unicameral.