The National Supervisory Commission is tasked with conducting investigations among civil servants, and its jurisdiction includes all public sector employees, whether they are Chinese Communist Party (CCP) members or not.

The National Supervisory Commission was formed as part of a series of reforms to China's anti-corruption system during the first term of Xi Jinping as General Secretary of the Communist Party.

[1] The Constitution of the Republic of China was promulgated in 1947 which made the Control Yuan a parliamentary chamber until the reforms of 1991 which it became the sole auditory body in Taiwan.

Provincial level chiefs of Discipline Inspection began serving concurrently as heads of the local Supervisory Commissions.

[3] In March 2018, three state agencies with inspection powers (the Ministry of Supervision, the National Bureau of Corruption Prevention, and the Supreme People's Procuratorate's General Administration of Anti-Corruption and Bribery) merged with a communist party body (the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection) the form the National Supervisory Commission.

[4]: 57–58  Its tasks include monitoring policy implementation, investigating official malfeasance, and deciding administrative sanctions among civil servants.