Since 1945, the island has been ruled by the Republic of China (ROC).
The ROC was the government of mainland China from 1912 to 1949, when this government fled to Taiwan during the Chinese Civil War, and the country today is commonly called Taiwan.
The ROC controlled majority parts of China until 1949, but today only controls Taiwan, Penghu, Kinmen, Matsu and nearby smaller islands.
The Flag Anthem is also called the "National Banner Song" and is sung when the national flag is raised.
The "National Flag Anthem" was heard for the first time in the Olympics when Taiwan (as Chinese Taipei) won a gold medal in the 2004 Summer Olympics.