National without household registration
Nationals with this status may be subject to immigration controls when entering the Taiwan Area, do not have automatic residence rights there, cannot vote in Taiwanese elections, and are exempt from conscription.
[9] The islands of Taiwan and Penghu were ceded to the Empire of Japan in 1895 by Qing China, the last ruling dynastic Chinese regime, following its defeat in the First Sino-Japanese War.
[10] Near the end of the Chinese Civil War, the Nationalist government was forced to retreat to Taiwan by the Communist Party, which subsequently established the People's Republic of China (PRC) in 1949.
Regulations concerning evidence of ROC nationality by descent were particularly lax during this period, allowing many overseas Chinese the right to settle in Taiwan.
Legal reforms between 1999 and 2002 greatly reduced the ease by which further grants of ROC nationality were made to overseas Chinese and restricted citizenship rights only to those with household registration in Taiwan.
[7] A significant portion also come from Myanmar and Thailand, where Republic of China Army detachments fled to after the Chinese Civil War.
Nationals without household registration, on the other hand, are subject to immigration controls and do not have automatic residence or employment rights in Taiwan.
[7] The lack of household registration makes them ineligible for national health insurance[23] and automatic workers' compensation coverage.
[24] NWOHRs who concurrently hold foreign nationality are additionally required to apply for work permits to be employed in Taiwan.
[25] The NWOHR status are those people who qualify under Taiwanese nationality law but do not possess Household registration in Taiwan.
[30] Permission to establish household registration in Taiwan can be applied for at NIA 1 year after obtaining ROC nationality.
The recently naturalized national will become NWHR once the permission to reside document from NIA is submitted to the household registration office.
They may obtain household registration after residence for a number of years, which grants full citizenship rights in Taiwan.
[37] Mainland Area persons are subject to annual immigration quotas limiting the number of people acquiring residence permits and household registration each year.
[42] All Taiwanese nationals, including NWOHRs, who obtain hukou in mainland China automatically have their passports cancelled and any residence rights in Taiwan revoked.
Starting from January 2024, they may enter ROC-controlled territory with only their biometric NWOHR Taiwanese passports, provided they have a return or onward ticket to a next destination.
[46] Some specific NWOHRs may be able to apply for temporary entry permit upon arriving Taiwan if they hold an endorsement letter from an Overseas Community Affairs Council certifying their residency overseas, a South Korean Certificate of Alien Registration indicating long-term or permanent residency.
