The Act established standardized naturalization forms, requiring, inter alia: In addition, section 15 of the Act defined the power of U.S. district attorneys to institute denaturalization proceedings: "in any court having jurisdiction to naturalize aliens for the purpose of setting aside and canceling the certificate of citizenship on the ground of fraud or on the ground that such certificate of citizenship was illegally procured."

Section 15 clearly outlines the powers granted to U.S. attorneys towards prosecuting these cases, with language giving a considerable amount of the burden of proof to defendants.

[7][permanent dead link‍] This provision was quite encompassing, thus promoting a number of prosecutions on the basis of fraudulent naturalization procedures.

If the existence of the act, on its own, does not elicit that impression, then Section 11's assertion that the United States can appear "before any court" as it relates to naturalization proceedings makes it more explicit.

[7][permanent dead link‍] This provision does not technically strip the states of any jurisdiction, but it specifically asserts that the federal government holds the ultimate powers relating to naturalization, under the law.

If Congress in 1906 desired to alter a rule so well and so long established it may be assumed that its purpose would have been definitely disclosed and its legislation to that end put in unmistakable terms.

[9]The decision goes on to deny that the common population could construe Ozawa, a man of Japanese descent, as white (thus, making him ineligible under section 2169 of the Revised Statutes of the United States).

The Roosevelt administration assembled a commission to examine the naturalization laws of the time, and to make recommendations on how to avoid the abuses that led to inappropriate granting of citizenship.

[4] The lack of regulatory oversight regarding naturalization of foreigners was a topic that commanded concern for the Roosevelt administration.