Natzwiller (French pronunciation: [natsvilɛʁ]; German: Natzweiler) is a commune in the Bas-Rhin department in Grand Est in northeastern France.

[3] Built in spring 1941 on the territory of the commune, Natzweiler-Struthof concentration camp opened for prisoners in May 1941.

The inmates originally were German who were to supply labor for building V-2 rocket factories in man-made caves dug out of the Vosges Mountains.

The camp was expanded by the Nazis with the installation of a gas chamber in April 1943 and crematorium.

Its main function was temporary detention of Resistance fighters from overrun European nations, although some Nazi experiments on Jews were carried out at the camp.