The ethnographic composition is very diverse, but is also changing because of construction boom in Pavilnys and Kalnėnai neighborhoods of Naujoji Vilnia.

New Vileika emerged as a separate town in the second half of the 19th century when the Warsaw – Saint Petersburg Railway was built.

It had a number of metal and wood manufacturing factories, yeast, scythes, knives, paper and knitting mills.

In 1878, industrialists Wyszwianski and Szereszewski hailing from Berlin came to Naujoji Vilnia and established a German-Russian nail factory with 90 workers.

During mass deportations to Siberia in June 1941, some 30,000 deportees passed through the Naujoji Vilnia railway station.