The landmark building, in Window Rock, Arizona, is significant for its association with the 1930s New Deal, and its change in federal policy for relations with Native Americans, as established in the Indian Reorganization Act.

With its red sandstone façade and overall rustic architectural style, the chamber was designed to harmonize with its spectacular natural surroundings.

It is octagonal in shape, its design intended to evoke a monumental hogan, the traditional building form of the Navajo people.

Ponderosa pine vigas radiate outward to stone buttresses, and heavy wooden timbers serve as lintels and trim.

[4] The site for the building was chosen by John Collier, United States commissioner for Indian affairs, in 1933, and it was erected in 1934–35 with funding from the Public Works Administration.