While a massive crackdown on opposition took place in Constantinople, Yıldız Palace also put European governments under heavy pressure to deport the Young Turks.

[10] With Prince Sabahaddin's flight to Paris to join the Young Turks, a division surfaced in a 1902 congress that split the group between federalists and nationalists.

[12][13][14][15][16] Nazım secretly returned to the Ottoman Empire and with Bahattin Şakir they organized CUP branches in Salonica and Smyrna with the aim to start a revolution.

Staying in Midhat Şükrü's house in Salonica, Nazım was instrumental in the 1907 merger between the CUP and Ottoman Freedom Committee, led by Talat Bey.

When the revolution kicked off with Niyazi and Enver's flight into Albanian foothills, the Smyrna army corps was sent to Salonica to put down the revolt, but upon landing in the Salonican docks they defected in favor of the Young Turk revolutionaries.

[17] Following the revolution, Nazım became a permanent member of the CUP's central committee while also continuing his medicinal career as the Chief Physician of the Municipal Hospital of Salonica, and was affiliated with the Red Crescent.

[17] With the CUP being suppressed after the 1912 coup d'état, Nazım laid low in Salonica, but was taken prisoner by the Greeks on 9 November when they occupied the city during the First Balkan War.

He was imprisoned in an Athens prison as a Turkish nationalist, only being repatriated two months before the start of World War I after the CUP reclaimed power and pressured the Greek government.

[18] The Ottoman defeat and the ethnic cleansing of Muslims was traumatic for many Young Turks and led to a desire for revenge; Nazım's "transformation from a patriotic doctor into a rabid, vindictive nationalist... symbolized the fate of many others".

[22] In a speech delivered on during the closing remarks of a Committee of Union and Progress meeting, Nazım said:[23][24][25][26] If we remain satisfied with the sort of local massacres which took place in Adana and elsewhere in 1909...if this purge is not general and final, it will inevitably lead to problems.

[29] Doctor Nazım was one of the eight Unionists that fled the Ottoman Empire on a German torpedo boat on 2 November 1918 following the signing of the Mudros Armistice.

When he learned that Enver Pasha had been arrested by the Bolsheviks, he went to Moscow and after negotiating his release from prison, he returned to Berlin to open an office to support the Turkish nationalists led by Mustafa Kemal Atatürk in their fight against Entente forces.

Meanwhile, he too wrote to Mustafa Kemal Pasha multiple times that he wished to return to Anatolia to help the Turkish revolutionaries but did not get a response.

[33][34] The following crimes were attributed to him by the court board and the prosecution's indictment: He was sentenced to death for the third time of his life and was executed by hanging at Cebeci on Thursday night, 26 August 1926.

Mehmed Nazım met Beria Hanım, the daughter of Refik Bey of the Evliyazade family in Smyrna, and later married her in 1909.