The main headquarters of the agency was located in Lincoln, the capital city.

At the time of its dissolution, there were eight NDOR district offices located across the state.

Formed in 1957 from the Bureaus of Roads and of Highway Safety and Patrol within the Nebraska Department of Roads and Irrigation,[1] The Department of Roads was responsible solely for the construction and maintenance of the public highway system in Nebraska, including the initial construction of Nebraska's Interstate System.

The Nebraska Department of Roads did not oversee Nebraska aviation, waterways, motor vehicles, or many other areas that similar agencies in other states have as part of their mission.

[2] The Nebraska Department of Roads officially dissolved on June 30, 2017, and the new Department of Transportation began operation the next day.