Neculai Costăchescu (18 February 1876–14 July 1939) was a Romanian chemist and politician.
Born in Huși, he obtained a degree in physics and chemistry from Iași University in 1901.
He took specialty courses at the University of Zurich from 1906 to 1908, then was hired as professor of mineral chemistry at the Iași science faculty in 1912.
Thanks to his scientific activity, he was elected a corresponding member of the Romanian Academy in 1925, and was granted honorary membership in 1936.
Between November 1928 and April 1931, he served as Public Instruction Minister in the PNȚ cabinets of Iuliu Maniu and Gheorghe Mironescu.