[9] The city is named after the Kama River and petroleum (нефть, neft in Russian).

A road network connects the town to Ufa, Birsk, Yanaul, Agidel, Oktyabrsky, Izhevsk, Perm, and Kazan.

The nearest railway station for long-distance trains is located in Amzya, 15 kilometers (9.3 mi) away.

[10] However, in March 2021, Eldar Sergeyevich Validov, who was initially his deputy, became the head of the city.

Elections of deputies to the Council of the urban district of the city of Neftekamsk of the Republic of Bashkortostan of the fifth convocation in 2020 showed the following distribution of votes:[11][12] Independent observers in Neftekamsk recorded violations during the elections to the City Duma, which were held early from 2am to 12pm on 13 September 2020.