[2] Jewish tradition states that Ezra is the author of Ezra-Nehemiah as well as the Book of Chronicles,[3] but modern scholars generally accept that a compiler from the 5th century BCE (the so-called "Chronicler") is the final author of these books.

[4] This chapter records in detail the rebuilding of the walls and gates of Jerusalem, starting from the north to west sections (verses 1–15), continued to south and east sections until reaching the Sheep Gate again, the initial starting point (verses 16–32).

Extant ancient manuscripts of the Septuagint version include Codex Vaticanus (B;

[9] The north side of wall would have suffered 'the brunt of most attacks on Jerusalem, for those arriving from Mesopotamia' (cf.

[18] The last section describes the building the east wall, which needed more workers, 'probably because it was more extensively damaged'.