Neognathae (/niˈɒɡnəθiː/; from Ancient Greek νέος (néos) 'new, young' and γνάθος (gnáthos) 'jaw') is an infraclass of birds, called neognaths, within the class Aves of the clade Archosauria.

Neognathae includes the majority of living birds; the exceptions being the tinamous and the flightless ratites, which belong instead to the sister taxon Palaeognathae.

Since then, the availability of massive amounts of new data from fossils (especially Enantiornithes and other Mesozoic birds) and molecular (DNA and protein) sequences allowed scientists to refine the classification.

[14] Neognathae comprises 39 extant orders and are categorized as: Galliformes (chickens (including the red junglefowl), pheasants, quails, turkeys, peafowl, etc.)

Anseriformes (ducks, geese, swans, screamers, and magpie geese) Phoenicopteriformes (flamingos) Podicipediformes (grebes) Columbiformes (pigeons and doves) Mesitornithiformes (mesites) Pterocliformes (sandgrouse) Cuculiformes (cuckoos) Otidiformes (bustards) Musophagiformes (turacos) Opisthocomiformes (hoatzins) Gruiformes (rails and cranes) Charadriiformes (waders, gulls, auks and relatives) Caprimulgiformes (nightjars) Nyctibiiformes (potoos) Steatornithiformes (oilbirds) Podargiformes (frogmouths) Aegotheliformes (owlet-nightjars) Apodiformes (swifts, treeswifts and hummingbirds) Phaethontiformes (tropicbirds) Eurypygiformes (sunbitterns and kagus) Gaviiformes (loons/divers) Procellariiformes (albatrosses, shearwaters, and petrels) Sphenisciformes (penguins) Ciconiiformes (storks) Suliformes (frigatebirds, gannets, cormorants, and darters) Pelecaniformes (pelicans, herons and ibises) Strigiformes (owls) Accipitriformes (vultures, kites, hawks, and eagles) Coliiformes (mousebirds) Leptosomiformes (cuckoo rollers) Trogoniformes (trogons) Bucerotiformes (hornbills, hoopoes and relatives) Coraciiformes (kingfishers, rollers, bee-eaters and relatives) Piciformes (woodpeckers, toucans and relatives) Cariamiformes (seriemas) Falconiformes (falcons and caracaras) Psittaciformes (parrots) Passeriformes (passerines)