Neomura (from Ancient Greek neo- "new", and Latin -murus "wall") is a proposed clade of life composed of the two domains Archaea and Eukaryota, coined by Thomas Cavalier-Smith in 2002.
[1] Its name reflects the hypothesis that both archaea and eukaryotes evolved out of the domain Bacteria, and one of the major changes was the replacement of the bacterial peptidoglycan cell walls with other glycoproteins.
Other scenarios have been proposed based on competing phylogenies, and the relationship between the three domains of life (Archaea, Bacteria, and Eukaryota) was described in 2021 as "one of Biology's greatest mysteries".
Bacteria Eukaryota Archaea The "three primary domains" (3D) scenario was one of the two hypotheses considered plausible in a 2010 review of the origin of eukaryotes.
[5] The discovery of a major group within the Archaea, Lokiarchaeota, to which eukaryotes are more genetically similar than to other archaeans, is not consistent with the Neomura hypothesis.
The evidence for this phylogeny includes the detection of membrane coat proteins and of processes related to phagocytosis in the bacterial Planctomycetes.