The stone bream (Neoscorpis lithophilus) is a species of marine ray-finned fish, a sea chub from the family Kyphosidae, which is native to the Indian Ocean coast of Africa where it can be found along rocky coasts from Mozambique to South Africa.

[4] The stone bream can be found mainly in the Western Indian Ocean where it is native in the subtropical regions from 25°S - 35°S, 18°E - 34°E.

[7] Stone breams are mainly herbivores, meaning that their diet is composed of marine plants like macro-algae.

Spawning takes place in midwinter, July to January, but little is known about the subsequent development of the larvae.

Some authorities include the stone bream in a Kyphosidae family which is divided into two different genera: Kyphosus and Neoscorpis.

[6] The 5th edition of Fishes of the World retains Neoscorpis in the subfamily Scorpidinae,[9] while other authorities place this species in the Kyphosidae sensu stricto.

[10] The stone bream was first formally described in 1908 as Scorpis lithophilus by the Scottish zoologist John Gilchrist and his South African born colleague William Wardlaw Thompson with the type locality given as the Natal coast.

[12] The status of the stone bream has not yet been evaluated by the International Union for Conservation of Nature.