In April 1959, the countries signed several agreements, including the ones on economic and technical aid (foresaw free assistance in the construction of a hydroelectric power station with a power line, a sugar mill, a cigarette factory, and assistance in conducting prospecting works for the construction of a highway), and on free aid to Nepal for the construction of a hospital.

In 1964, the Soviet Union and Nepal signed an agreement on free aid for the construction of an agricultural machinery plant.

After the collapse of the Soviet Union, Nepal had extended full diplomatic recognition to the Russian Federation as its legal successor.

In October 2005 the foreign ministers of both countries met to discuss cooperation on a variety of issues including political, economic, military, educational, and cultural.

Nepal's Foreign Minister Narayan Prakash Saud stated: "We have asked Russia to immediately stop the recruitment of Nepali nationals in their army, immediately return those who are already serving in the army, repatriate the bodies of those killed, and treat and return those who were wounded in the fighting".