Nepenthes naga is a tropical pitcher plant endemic to the Barisan Mountains of Sumatra.

[2] The specific epithet naga is the Indonesian word for "dragon" and refers to the distinctive lid appendage of this species as well as the large size of its pitchers.

The name also references local folklore, which tells of dragons occurring in this species's habitat in the past.

The specimen was collected by Alfindra Primaldhi and Muhammad Hambali on July 27, 2007, at an elevation of between 1500 and 2000 m.[2] The species was formally described[note a] by Pitra Akhriadi, Hernawati, Alfindra Primaldhi and Muhammad Hambali in a 2009 issue of the botanical journal Reinwardtia.

[2] The description includes a line drawing of the type specimen by Hernawati, showing lower and upper pitchers as well as a female inflorescence.

[2] Nepenthes naga is a climbing plant growing to a height of around 5 m. The stem is up to 1 cm in diameter.

The lamina or leaf blade is spathulate to oblong in shape and coriaceous (leathery) in texture.

A pair of fringed wings (≤0.5 cm wide) runs down the ventral surface of the pitcher cup.

This unique feature measures up to 1.4 cm in length and bears large nectar glands (0.5 to 1 mm in diameter).

[2] Nepenthes naga is known only from a small population in the Barisan Mountains of North Sumatra.

It grows epiphytically in mossy montane forest and has an altitudinal distribution of 1500–2000 m above sea level.

Plantations of the Pará rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis) at the foot of the hill inhabited by N. naga pose a threat to this species.

[2] Nepenthes naga is nonetheless very similar to these species and to N. bongso, and may prove to be an aberrant form of one of them.