[2] On August 11, 2013, Carter secured an individual 100m World Championship bronze medal in Moscow, behind Justin Gatlin and teammate Usain Bolt.

[3] His 100m personal best of 9.78 currently ranks him as the tenth fastest man of all time, behind fellow Jamaicans Usain Bolt, Yohan Blake and Asafa Powell, Americans Tyson Gay, Justin Gatlin, Christian Coleman, Trayvon Bromell and Fred Kerley and Kenyan Ferdinand Omanyala.

[16] At the Jamaica International Invitational Carter won the 100 m B race in 10.41 s.[17] In May Carter finished joint-third at the Jamaica International Invitational meet[18] and won the Grande Premio Brasil Caixa de Atletismo in 10.20 s, his first win of an IAAF Grand Prix event.

[30][31] At the 2008 Olympics in Beijing he ran the third leg of the 4 x 100 metres relay semi-final with Michael Frater, Dwight Thomas and Asafa Powell.

Thomas was replaced by Usain Bolt for the final, Carter ran the first leg and the team set a new world record of 37.10 s, claiming the gold medal.

In 2017 Carter was found guilty of using performance-enhancing drugs, resulting in him and the rest of the Jamaican team being stripped of the gold medals.

[37][38] Two days later Carter ran a leg of the 4 × 100 m at the UTech Track and Field Classic at the National Stadium in Kingston, Jamaica.

[42] A report in the Jamaica Observer on the morning of the event indicated that Powell had injured his ankle in training and was not expected to run.

[44] At the Reebok Grand Prix in New York, Carter finished a disappointing ninth in 10.16 s.[45] His entry was withdrawn from the Prefontaine Classic on the day of the event.

A week before the National Championships on June 26 the Jamaica Amateur Athletic Association confirmed that no entry had been received for Carter.

[46] He also won the scholarship for the prestigious Harvard Law School along with his first cousin Kevoy O. K. Carter, a student of the University of the West Indies.

Carter managed to make the 100m at the 2011 World Athletics Championships with Michael Frater, Yohan Blake and defending champion Usain Bolt.

At the Moscow World Championships, Carter won the bronze medal in the 100m in 9.95, behind American Justin Gatlin (9.85) and Jamaican teammate Usain Bolt (9.77).

At the 2015 IAAF World Championships, the Jamaican team went on to the finals of the 4x100 meter relay, that consisted of Carter, Asafa Powell, Nickel Ashmeade and Usain Bolt, which ended with another gold medal with 37.37.