The NDIS is a library of functions often referred to as a "wrapper" that hides the underlying complexity of the NIC hardware and serves as a standard interface for level 3 network protocol drivers and hardware level MAC drivers.
For example, Winpcap adds a second protocol driver on the selected miniport in order to capture incoming packets.
Intermediate drivers sit in-between the MAC and IP layers and can control all traffic being accepted by the NIC.
In order to write applications using NDIS, one can use samples that accompany Microsoft's Windows Driver Kit (WDK).
[20] Since Windows 10 version 2004, a new driver framework for network adapters was created called Network Adapter WDF Class Extension (NetAdapterCx) which is meant to simply the driver development process.